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This File Cover The Entire NS
Series Of Product: NS10-20 NS20, NS20-20, NS 50-20
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Treatment of Waste | Directions for Use
| General Considerations
| Field Test Results |
TREATMENT OF WASTE AROMATIC AND LIGHT
ALIPHATICS HYDROCARBONS
ENVIRO-ZYME NS Series 20 is a product
composed of specially selected and acclimated bacterial strains
that are designed to help degrade an assortment of compounds
often found in the discharge waters of refineries, petrochemical
plants, and pesticide manufacturers. Many aliphatic and aromatic
chemical compounds found in these discharge waters are included
in a "priority pollutant" category by federal and
state environmental agencies. These toxic compounds add a new
dimension to the problems encountered with conventional
biological waste treatment. Because of the toxicity of the
wastes, longer acclimation periods are often necessary for
suitable efficiency levels to be reached by biological
wastewater treatment plants. Sudden influx of certain of these
compounds may result in a toxic shock loading of the biological
system, reduction in active biomass, and less efficient
treatment of the wastewater stream.
Many chemical manufacturing plants operate
various processes on alternating times and schedules. This type
of scheduling results in intermittent and non-uniform
introduction of different types of compounds into a waste
treatment system and can result in poor acclimation levels of
the biological microflora. Because of the noncontinuous nature
of the flow and the types of chemicals entering the system, the
indigenous microflora have a difficult time adapting to the
changing nature of the carbonaceous waste. NS 20 can help
by supplementing natural microflora with biomass that is
pre-acclimated and adapted to biooxidation of toxic, resistant
and other recalcitrant carbonaceous compounds resulting in
greater treatment reliability and removal efficiency. The
targeted wastes for this product are generally in the aromatic
(cyclic) hydrocarbons and low to moderate molecular weight
alkane categories. Included in these types of compounds would be
phenol and biphenols (including nitrated and halogenated
compounds), benzene, toluene, xylenols, light machine oils,
lubricating oils, octane and gasoline, and some linear alcohols.
The cultures in NS 20 can degrade
hydrocarbons under great varieties of conditions of temperature
and pH, and in the presence of most heavy metals. The presence
of mercury at 20-100 ppm can, however impair much biological
activity from beneficial microorganisms.
No products have been shown to be more
resistant to heavy metal content than the NS Series microflora.
Growth on petrochemical compounds, and their concurrent
degradation goes on even when 100 mg/1 (and sometimes more)
cadmium, arsenic, copper, iron, lead, tin, zinc, cobalt,
selenium, and silver are present.
Oftentimes, wastewaters or soils in the areas
of spills or routine hydrocarbon contamination must be
supplemented with nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus to allow
the complete breakdown of the hydrocarbon.
A cleanup of mixed hydrocarbon waste in soil
surrounding a southeastern textile processing company has shown
that the rate of breakdown of some components in the mixture
exceeds that of others. Benzene and phenols are almost
completely removed from a system very rapidly with proper
aeration and supplementation of the waste.
ENVIRO-ZYME
NS 20 can be the answer to sluggish removal of recalcitrant
aromatic and light aliphatic hydrocarbons from waste treatment
streams and spill areas.
NS 20 bacteria are able to sustain growth at a great range
of temperatures from 4°
C to 45°
C temperatures and utilizing a great variety of nitrogen
sources.
| DIRECTIONS
FOR USE: |
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| Since
every waste treatment situation is generally unique,
call or contact a Winston Company sales or technical
support representative for recommendations and
application rate for your particular waste treatment or
spill application |
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| STRAIN/PRODUCT |
PRIMARY MODE OF ACTION
|
SECONDARY
ACTION |
| IDENTIFICATION |
SUBSTRATE
UTILIZED BEST |
SUBSTRATE
ATTACKED |
| ENVIRO-ZYME |
|
WASTE
ALSO UTILIZED |
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NS 20
FOR HOMOGENEOUS AROMATIC WASTE TREATMENT
IN 500 TO 1000 ppm RANGE OF CONTAMINATION
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PHENOL,
BENZENE, TOLUENE, OTHER AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS WITH
HYDROXYLATED NITORGENATED GROUPS OCTANE, ETHANE, ETHANOL
OTHER SHORT CHAINED ALKYL HYDRO CARBONS |
SALICYLIC
ACID, BIPHENOL, XYLOL, PHENOXY-ALCOHOLS MINERAL OILS,
LUBRICATING OILS, KEROSENE SURFACTANTS, GASOLINE
PENTACHLOROPHENOL |
| NS10-20 |
INTERMEDIATE
LENGTH ALKYL HYDROCARBONS AND ALCOHOLS, FATTY ACIDS,
BENZOIC ACID, CITRUS OILS |
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NS20-20
IN 100 TO 500 PPM RANGE OF CONTAMINATION - A
COMBINATION OF 20 & 216 |
COMPLEX
DYES, LIGNINS, STARCHY/COMPLEXS, CARBOHYDRATE BYPRODUCT
WASTE, STRUCTURAL BOARD AND PRESSBOARD WASTE, DISTILLERY
WASTE, WOOD PRESERVATIVE WASTES, CRESOLS, CREOSOTE,
NAPHTHALENE, ANY HETEROGENEOUS AROMATIC HYDROCARBON
WASTE TREATING FUEL OILS, INTERMEDIATE LEVELS OF
MODERATE MOLECULAR WEIGHT HYDROCARBON CONTAMINATION IN
SOIL OR AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENT |
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NS50-20
IN 10 TO 100 PPM RANGE OF CONTAMINATION - A
COMBINATION OF 20 & 216 |
PROTEIN
COMPLEX WASTES, OLEAGINOUS WAXES OR FAT CONTAINING
WASTES, WASTES WITH FATS & OILS AND DISSOLVED
AROMATICS, HYDROCARBONS LINKED WITH AMINES, GLYCEROL
ESTERS |
1. Any spills (or portion thereof) which can
easily or economically be cleaned up by physical techniques
should be remediated in this manner. For example, any waste that
can be recovered or removed by pumping, skimming, or scraping
should be done in a conventional manner. This usually removes a
high concentration of waste very rapidly. Bioaugmentation and
resultant biodegradation of wastes is best used as a
"polishing" technique: ridding the soil or environment
of wastes that are either too dilute or are too widespread so as
to make the removal by physical means impractical or too
expensive. Once the largest portion of waste is removed by
physical techniques, then the microflora that are augmented into
an area can finish degrading the wastes remaining.
Bioaugmentation to help eliminate the deleterious effects of
spills and to clean up that area of the environment should not
be used as the sole technique in most large, highly concentrated
spills, or where exceedingly deep penetration of the soil with
high concentrations of toxic substance exist.
2. Petroleum products in general (such as
kerosene, gasoline, fuel oil) are considered carbonaceous waste
(contain carbon). These products usually do not include
appreciable nitrogen, potassium, or phosphorous which
microorganisms need to metabolize the hydrocarbon. This means
that in most cases, the spill area must be supplemented with
nitrogen and phosphorous and sometimes potassium and other
needed nutrients. These substances often may be added in the
form of regular fertilizer. Slow release lawn fertilizers are
superior to garden fertilizers because there is less chance of
polluting runoff with them. In addition, because they are
coated, they are generally more soluble in the hydrocarbons
themselves than are typical fertilizers. Finally, the nitrogen:
phosphorous ratio in these lawn fertilizers is better than in
many garden fertilizers for microbial supplementation.
The application of the fertilizer should be
made at a rate coinciding with that needed to maintain a
200:10:1 C:N:P: ration in the area. There may be some exemptions
from this general rule. In spill areas, the application should
be made monthly. Analysis will, in turn, tell after applications
whether the nitrogen or phosphorous is building up in the soil
or wastewater faster than the microbes can make use of it and
further applications should be adjusted accordingly.
3. The microbial mixture being used to treat
waste should be added in a slurry made at the rate of 1 lb. or
less per gallon of chlorine-free water. The slurry should be
mixed in containers free from pesticides, disinfectants,
algicides, or other chemicals. The slurry is sprayed over the
area to be treated and usually some wetting agent or
biodegradable, nonionic biodegradable surfactant is included
with the slurry. This helps to emulsify the petrochemicals so
that surface area subject to attack by the microbes is greatly
expanded. Triton X-45 (manufactured by ICI) or equivalent
biodegradable nonionic surfactant type competitive products are
generally suitable when the spills include kerosene, fuel oil,
jet fuel, crude oils, varsol, gasoline, etc. The slurry should
be added to a spill area as soon as it is prepared. Generally,
shallow soil incorporation of the microbe/surfactant/fertilizer
mixture is advisable (as with a power cultivator, tiller, plow
or other soil turning device). Periodic turning of soil results
in re-contact of bacteria and carbonaceous contaminants. This
physical treatment aerates the soil, adding much needed oxygen
for optimal rate of waste breakdown. Periodic tilling assists in
redistributing moisture, temperature and added nutrients.
Effective removal of hydrocarbons will be at very slow rates
where aeration is not present.
4. Determination of heavy metal content of
the soil can be important for the success of the project. High
concentrations of heavy metals such as lead and mercury can
effect the efficiency of the removal of hydrocarbonaceous
compounds from the soil environment. Some bacteria are more
affected by metallic ions than others. Chromium, cadmium, zinc,
and manganese are more deleterious to some microbes than others.
Removal of metals can be accomplished in some cases by a certain
category of microbes, a certain class of autotrophic bacteria.
However these bacteria are not easily cultivated nor preserved
for practical application. They can cause the metal to be more
easily physically or chemically separated from a system, but do
not cause the metal to mysteriously disappear from the
environment.
5. Periodic testing during the
bio-remediation project is essential. Often closely monitored
feasibility or demonstration trials are run early in the course
of the project to determine the expected effects of the
bioremediation agents used. These small trials help to determine
the proper concentration and type of bioremediant to be used
along with timing for most economical action, as well as a host
of other necessary information.
6. Where ground water is a problem, being
close to the surface of the soil, or in close proximity to
hydrocarbon spill, it is common practice to dig strategically
placed wells surrounding the area of the spill and in the center
of the spill. Pumping is carried out so as to isolate the spill
and to prevent the flow of the spill from moving into the
general ground water. This technique for the minimization of
flow of the waste results in volumes of water which are
contaminated and must be treated.. The biological treatment aid
is usually added to the resultant waste water and the waste is
removed from the water in aqueous/aerobic phase. In some cases
specific types of mobile treatment equipment are used. These
equipment types include upflow biotowers, biological reactor
vessels, settling and floation equipment, etc.
7. Highly polymerized or exceedingly long
chained or high molecular weight hydrocarbons are more resistant
to breakdown due to their protected multiple bonding, insoluble
nature, and lack of surface area for catalytic and/or microbial
attachment. The biooxidation of the heavier portions of crude
oils, tars, etc. is very slow for this reason.
8. Other parameters which affect biological
activity must be monitored and adjusted where necessary for
optimal rates of bioremediation to occur. Examples of these
parameters include pH; chlorine, bromine (or other halogen)
concentrations; H²S, sulfite and other reducing agent
concentration; and cyanide concentrations.
9. When a blend of organic carbonaceous
compounds is encountered, some compounds will almost always be
degraded first and more rapidly than other compounds. Consortia
(more than one strain or type of microbe) of microorganisms are
almost always more effective bioremediants than single microbial
strains. The consortium of microbes works to rid the system of
toxic intermediate compounds more rapidly and often results in
the more efficient removal of a broad spectrum of chemical
compounds from an ecosystem due to the greater variety of
crucial hydrolytic enzyme systems than one strain may posses.
1. Treatment in surface soil of toxic
hydrocarbonaceous waste in the state of Florida. A Florida dye
manufacturer had allowed hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene,
xylene, ethylbenzene to penetrate into soilto depth of 10 to 14
inches (25 to 33 cm). The treatment was supervised by a national
consulting firm which services the environmental industry. One
thousand square feet was chosen to be treated to a depth of 12
inches (30 cm). Nitrogen and phosphorous supplementation was
employed. Soil was of sand and sandy/loam composition. Soil core
samples were taken every few days and wre analyzed for BTX
compounds. The ethylbenzene was essentially 100% removed as was
the toluene, while the xylene was 90% removed at the end of 90
days. The most active area for the action of the bacterial
product was in the top 10 inches of soil where tilling and
aeration could reach.
2. Report from Bloomington, Florida waste
water treatment plant - 1.0 MGD throughput started using our
bioaugmentation product shortly after the first day of January,
1986. This plant had an extended aeration chamber for the
reduction of sludge, periodically the tank was allowed to
settle, sludge decanted and sludge pumped to drying beds. The
plant was troubled with excessive sludge production and with
poor settling characteristics of the sludge. The chart reveals
the strikingly better settling characteristics of the tanks
after treatment. Also noted was a 19% rate improvement in the
reduction of solids (the solids were being more effectively
digested biologically).
3. Hillsborough County treatment facility
located in Hillsborough County (near Tampa), Florida reported
that upon the use of the product at the rate of approximately 1
ppm/day that the total solids when compared by computer analysis
by Mr. Gary Noon, of Post-Buckley, and Associates (a wastewater
plant management firm) in Tampa were digested at a much improved
rate. Bioaugmentation of the plant resulted in better settling
characteristics as well as up to 25% greater reduction in sludge
solids. This greatly reduced sludge hauling and disposal costs
to the plant.
4. Bench scale analysis of the susceptibility
to treatability of phenolic, solid state circuitry, and
electronic waste from a major auto electrical equipment
manufacturer in Indiana indicated the range of impressive (80%)
reduction in phenolic and butyl alcohol-containing compounds in
their waste water. Negotiations for a full scale treatment plant
complete with bioaugmentation is now proceeding.
5. Pilot plant scale work with a major forest
products plant in southern Virginia and paper mill in western
Pennsylvania indicates that over 20% more lignin and waste
cellulosic fiber can be digested in typical lagoon sludge using
a combination of bioaugmentation agents produced here. Full
scale field trials are now being set up to help eliminate the
sludge content of present lagoons and minimize future problems
with sludge handling and disposal. Settling problems have been
minimized with the use of less polymeric addition..
6. Customers in metal machining and power
transmission assembly and manufacturing businesses in the
southeastern United States have used NS 20 and NS 2020 to
continue supplementing ponds and lagoons in order to help meet
discharge limits for machine and hydraulic oils. Weekly
additions to lagoons have resulted also in stable populations of
machine oil-degrading organisms that have resisted shock
loadings in the lagoon for over two years.
7. A major international airport in North
America has collected ethylene glycol aircraft deicing fluid in
treatment area aprons. This waste glycol has been traditionally
repackaged and disposed of by hauling to chemical disposal
landfills or reprocessing plants in accordance with local and
national ordinances. Due to major costs involved in the
continual disposal, an aerobic bioremediation unit was installed
on site. The unit consisted of an upflow biotower with
artificial packing media. Flows were consistent with units of
this design. The biotower and concurrent equipment was designed
for ethylene glycol concentrations in the range of 12,000-20,000
mg/l. It was found that actual concentrations were in the
50,000-65,000 mg/l range. The biotower was seeded with NS 20 and
NS 20-20. The graph below represnets the results of pass through
concentrations as the unit microflora was established and
continuous treatment became possible.
8. For five months during each of the past
several years, an eastern Oklahoma municipal activated sludge
treatment plant experienced difficulty with extreme variation in
removal efficiency for suspended solids (53% to 86% - An average
of 70%) and B.O.D. (69% to 89%). During the remainder of the
year, removal of suspended solids and B.O.D. was 85% to 97% and
86% to 94% respectively. Enviro-Zyme treatment was initiated
during the five-month "difficult" period. Enviro-Zyme
was slurried in water in a bucket and added to step aeration
tanks 1, 3 and 4. The plant operator conducted daily analysis of
sewage flow (average 2.5 mg/d) raw and final suspended solids,
dissolved oxygen and suspended solids in step aeration tanks
1,2,3 and 4, air used and once a week, raw and final B.O.D.
After a three week acclimatization period, the percent removal,
during the 1972 treatment period, was significantly higher than
the 1971 untreated period. In fact, the lowest removal of total
suspended solids was 80%, and the highest was 94%. This increase
efficiency was obtained even though the aeration rate was
decreased 50% after five weeks of treatment.
On the other hand, after a short
acclimatization period, the persistent treatment demonstrated a
marked increase of metabolic activity as evidenced by a rapid
utilization of dissolved oxygen. This increase of metabolic
activity continued after the aeration rate was lowered by 50%
and continually thereafter, Enviro-Zyme was applied only as a
preventive maintenance measure. In conclusion, the effective use
of Enviro-Zyme in an activated sludge plant was thereby
demonstrated.
9. Municipal sewerage collection system odor
study by the Dept. of Public works Maui, Hawaii. In the
gathering system H²S concentrations were high. There was a
significant drop in H²S using Enviro-Zyme 216 and levels
continued to drop after the test. The product removed grease and
other solids from the entire collection system. The solids were
emulsified and able to be pumped to the treatment plant.
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